The Issue Of Domestic Violence In Malaysia Social Work Essay

The Issue Of Domestic Violence In Malaysia Social Work Essay Domestic violence is acknowledged as a significant issue within Malaysia. Historically, women non-government organizations (NGOs) have made violence against women a visible issue and have laws and protection services for victims of gender violence. In the year of 1994, the Domestic Violence Act was finally passed by Parliament, making Malaysia the first Asian and Muslim country to adopt such legislation. Government and Womens groups have make hard afford in raising awareness around the issues of domestic violence due to Malaysia has a high level of physical abuse of women by husbands and boyfriends. The 1992 WAO/SRM (Womens Aid Organisation and Survey Research Malaysia) survey revealed that 39 percent of women have experiencing battering. In the year of 1995, there were 1409 police reports of domestic violence. 1n 1997, the first full year of the implementation of the Domestic Violence Act, increase to 5477 reports, representing a 388 percent increase. To sum up, the statistics of do mestic violence cases are increasing year by year according to the statistics on marital violence cases of the Department of Social Welfare of the Ministry of National Unity and Social Development (Department of Social Welfare, 1999-2009). Except the studies on the number of cases reported for domestic violence, there has also been a small body of research conducted in order to recognise the consequential costs to governments in responding to the consequences of such violence. Studies of the prevalence of violence against women indicate that violence is an issue that permeates every corner of society, is widespread and costly. The costs that spend on domestic violence can be found in Justice, Health, Social Services, Education, Business Costs, Personal or Household Costs. Consequently, the costs of violence against women drain resources from many sectors including private businesses and agencies, the government, community groups and individuals. In brief, for the long run, violence against women will impede economic and social development in Malaysia. Majority of the research on domestic violence tend to place the attention on its causes and consequences as well as short-term crisis intervention such as provision of accommodation, welfare assistance and other emergency support and advocacy services. However, less attention has been given to the long-term impact of intimate partner violence on battered womens career development and the role of career counselling interventions in empowering battered women to become economically independent. Therefore, this paper aim at exploring a more comprehensive and extended framework by which the focus is given to the importance of long-term planning in areas such as job search and career development. Thus, rather than continues to concentrating on immediate needs, focusing on the area of career development will reduce the overall expenditure spend by the government or society and also provide an opportunity for the victims of domestic violence for long-term independence as more people enter th e workforce. According to the Womens Aid Organization annual report, there is a need for a more long-term approach to the issue of domestic violence in Malaysia. Since the topic of this paper is to discuss about the domestic violence and career development in Malaysia, thus, firstly, the author will examines the impact of domestic violence on career development. Second, it places the issue of career barrier encounter by battered women, and third it explores the work of Bandura (1989) and Gianakos (1999) to understand career orientation. Finally, by drawing on these concepts builds a framework which provides a pathway for domestic violence victims to attain sustainable employment and independence. The Impact of Domestic Violence on Womens Career Development The impact of domestic violence on womens career development can be devastating. The constant denigration associated with emotional abuse destroys womens beliefs in their competence and worth. Physical states and injuries resulting from physical and sexual abuse limit womens ability to go to work, complete job tasks, and advance in their job positions (CDC, 2003; Chronister McWhirter, in press). Battered women also may be isolated and as a result, have fewer opportunities to engage in positive learning experiences, observe role models, and build support networks. These factors, considered from a social cognitive career theory (SCCT) perspective (Lent, Brown, Hackett, 1994), severely restrict battered womens range of career interests, formulation of career goals, and persistence toward those goals. Poverty and employment have been at the forefront of economic and social policy debate in Australia for the last three decades (Saunders 2006). Domestic violence victims not only suffer from a range of physical and mental health problems, but are more likely to have been unemployed in the past and also have higher levels of job turnover (Lloyd and Taluc 1999; Costello et al. 2005). Some work in the USA suggests that women who had experienced aggression from male partners had only one third the odds of maintaining employment for at least 30 hours per week over a six month period (Browne et al. 1999). While some abusers simply prohibit their female partners from working, others take measures to undermine any attempts at employment such as denying them transportation, tearing up clothing, beating them before job interviews and generally demoralising the partner to such an extent that work becomes impossible (Brandwein 1998; Lloyd and Taluc 1999). Such women then have more interrupted wo rk histories, are less likely to seek or achieve promotion and often operate in low paid/low skilled work (Costello, Chung and Carson 2005: Lloyd and Taluc 1999). In the Australian context unemployment or joblessness as it is now known continues to be the perennial cause of poverty (Saunders 2006). However, there is a lack of Australian research on the links of domestic violence and employment, but what limited work there is has found that training and employment transition services were considered a low priority even though the financial, social and emotional benefits of such interventions were considered significant (Costello et al. 2005, 257). This is very different from Britain and Ireland where the issue of poverty and joblessness has been addressed in a comprehensive way with the setting of anti-poverty targets and long-term solutions (ACOSS 2004). Domestic violence, no matter whether it be physical, emotional, verbal, economic or social, leads to lower self-esteem and self worth, social isolation, poverty and welfare dependency and poor health for the women and children who are subjected to such abuse (Partnerships Against Domestic Violence 2001, 7; Tolman and Wang 2005, 148). They find they are unable to set short-term goals, have limited information through their social and economic isolation and exist in a climate of fear and these become barriers to seeking full employment and becoming financially independent (Trent and Margulies 2007). Domestic violence, also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse or intimate partner violence (IPV), can be broadly defined as a pattern of abusive behaviors by one or both partners in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family, friends or cohabitation.[1] Domestic violence has many forms including physical aggression (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, slapping, throwing objects), or threats thereof; sexual abuse; emotional abuse; controlling or domineering; intimidation; stalking; passive/covert abuse (e.g., neglect); and economic deprivation.[1] Alcohol consumption[2] and mental illnessHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_violence#cite_note-dutton1994-2[3] can be co-morbid with abuse, and present additional challenges when present alongside patterns of abuse.

Jo Goodwin Parker. What Is Poverty? Essay

Jo Goodwin Parker’s essay, â€Å"What is Poverty? † is about Parker who has personally experienced rural poverty. She explains her story from childhood to adulthood. Parker’s struggles are overwhelming; look at any sentence, the evidence of her daily struggle is there. From her underwear to living arrangements, and everything in between, Parker resides in poverty. In her essay, she says to listen to the story of what poverty is. Then she talks about the different aspects of poverty. Parker talks about the lack of health conditions she and her three children suffer from. She decides to be a mother even though she has no ability to provide for them. She talks about the government only giving her a small amount of money per month. That is why she cannot afford nutritional foods and soap to clean her kids. She thinks that the outside world will not help and even criticize her for not doing something. After reading Jo Goodwin Parker’s essay, I did not feel pity but instead I felt respect. She was in an unfortunate situation that forced her into a life not easy to live or deal with. But, with three children to care for, plus herself, she continued on with her life no matter what obstacles kept jumping in her path. I had an idea of what poverty was but after reading Parker’s essay, the ideas I had are shattered into a new realization of the true meaning of poverty. Her definition provides vivid images of what poverty truly means. Parker uses an angry tone, imagery, and repetition to inform readers the dehumanizing effects of poverty. She explains poverty in an angry tone so readers can understand the true meaning of being poor. Parker is capable of causing the reader to feel many emotions, mainly guilt. She makes the reader feel guilty for the possessions we may have. â€Å"You say in your clean clothes coming from your clean house, anybody can be clean† (Parker 168). This causes the reader to feel guilty for having the opportunity to be clean when we know that she does not have the same. Parker then goes on talking about how she has no hot water for herself and her kids. â€Å"Hot water is a luxury. I do not have luxuries† (168). Here again, she makes the reader feel guilty that having hot water is a luxury. I agree with her writing about middle class people having things she does not have because it makes the reader appreciate the things they have in life. People do not think about hot water being a luxury, but Parker explains that having things like soap and hot water are something extravagant. Even though Parker makes the readers feel guilty of her situation, I actually appreciate the things I have now. Parker uses imagery in her essay to make the readers actually see what she is going through. She explains what her living situation is like. â€Å"This is a smell of urine, sour milk, and spoiling food sometimes joined with the strong smell of long-cooked onions† (167). The smell of her home is overpowering and the reason is because she cannot wash the mattresses or bathe herself and her kids with soap. Her and her three kids live like this, it sounds miserable and unhealthy. It is just downright disgusting. I could not imagine living a life like hers, but she went through every moment taking care of herself and her children. She had no help, no husband, and no friends. Parker puts all this in the readers mind; she makes you see the physical and mental effects of her life. Physically she looks older than she looks, her back is bent from washing clothes, and she has chronic anemia because of her poor diet. Mentally she is just tired of being poor. She is tired of having no capability to provide for herself and her children. She is always scared that something bad will happen. The use of imagery she uses in her essay shows the dehumanizing effects of poverty. The technique Parker uses in her essay is repetition. She constantly restates what is poverty. â€Å"Poverty is getting up every morning from a dirt- and illness-stained mattress. † â€Å"Poverty is living in a smell that never leaves† (167). Parker uses repetition to hammer an idea, image, or relationship so the reader can pay attention. In this case, she wants the reader to pay attention to the odor and the dirtiness of her living. â€Å"Poverty is staying up all night on cold nights to watch the fire, knowing one spark on the newspaper covering the walls means your sleeping children die in flames. † â€Å"Poverty is hoping it never rains because diapers won’t dry when it rains and soon you are using newspapers† (168). Here, Parker is explaining how she is scared that her children will be hurt if she does not keep one eye open and the inconvenience of rain that troubles her children. All of these phrases create a different image of poverty and each one is successful in evoking sympathy from the reader. Her technique is to force the reader to imagine poverty in a new way. Parker makes us realize how bleak poverty is and she shows us that there is no hope for the poor without understanding. Parker gives outsiders a glimpse into what she goes through on a daily basis. Being a single mother and seeing your children sick and dirty is devastating. I cannot image having to go through this. I think the purpose in writing this is not to give them pity but to understand and help people who need it. I think Parker wrote this essay so we can open our eyes and see the truth. This is happening in our towns and most times people do not choose that type of lifestyle. This essay is devastating and is hard to read. I defiantly have a more clear understanding of what poverty truly means.

The Fundamentals of Conclusion Sentence Revealed

The Fundamentals of Conclusion Sentence Revealed The Debate Over Conclusion Sentence The conclusion sentences should supply the reader a feeling of completion or closure. You can't apply for humanitarian and compassionate grounds if you've got a pending refugee case. Compiling to a suitable conclusion is impossible without a couple steps. When you state you'll be following up with the employer, make certain to do it! As you already know, a conclusion isn't the part in which you offer new info about it. The variety of automobiles that are owned by men and women in the us is equally staggering. The objective is to take a particular position on the subject. Ending an essay with similar scenario might help to demonstrate your point and make a better understanding. Always make certain your summary is clearly regarding the general subject of the essay. True, it is a small bit about summary, but nevertheless, it should take your essay one step further. How to initiate a concl usion in an essay will mostly depend on the kind of essay you're working on. It's very rare that you will have to revise the text you receive from a summary maker. You may want to amplify the principal point of an essay or set it in a different perspective for setting a bigger context. Many times, the closing reflects the full essay, and a few people today wind up writing and including a great deal of content in the conclusion although it ought to be brief since it's an overview of the chief points. You simply have to paste the text you want to summarize into the designated box or table and click the button Analyze text. Employing a quotation at first or end of the paper gives a great impression. The section assists the writer to reiterate a number of the key points. The end has become the most difficult portion of writing. A closing paragraph is an indispensable portion of your dissertation and so you should attempt to write it as effectively as possible. Keep in mind, the closing of your cover letter is the main element that will allow you to land your next interview. The thesis statement is most frequently placed at the close of the paragraph. The summarizing statement might also have a call-to-action coloring. Then, the paragraph must offer evidence that supports that claim. Before arriving in its conclusion sentence, a body paragraph must first construct the argument it's advancing. A great conclusion paragraph is basically the one which solidifies the major point of your writing. You've probably already written an introduction paragraph that you are especially fond of. If you should finish your paper, it's far better to use automated conclusion builder. Our conclusion generator can help you to complete the paper properly. The only drawback is the fact that it's a great deal more complicated to come up with such tools. All you have to do is to underline the text you wish to outline and paste it in the box on the very best generator. Nothing can be easier than to compose the last paragraph with our on-line generator! The remaining sections are different based on the sort of assignment. The system will process the text within a couple of minutes, and you'll conserve a couple of hours of your precious moment. How to Choose Conclusion Sentence The range of cars which are mass produced today is astounding. Writing isn't just a means to communicate, it's a tool for expressing your ideas and exploring new ideas. If you're thinking about boosting your writing productivity, try using conclusion generators. Parallel images and mirror metaphors are also advisable. Including a strong conclusion at the conclusion of the writing leaves a potent effect on the readers. To genuinely make a good impression on your reader, you also need to finish it right. Many writers don't realize that it closes out the last thoughts about this issue on which they're writing. Explain to the reader the precise day and the way you're going to be contacting them. Complex Sentence Generator is quite easy to use. The sentences must be tokenized into words. Writing a concluding sentence may not arrive as easily as you might think.

Sex Education in Nigeria - 7622 Words

This is the html version of the file http://www.arsrc.org/downloads/uhsss/adepoju_sexed.pdf. Google automatically generates html versions of documents as we crawl the web. Page 1 1AFRICA REGIONAL SEXUALITY RESOURCE CENTRE Understanding Human Sexuality Seminar Series 3Sexuality Education in Nigeria: Evolution, Challenges and Prospects ADUNOLA ADEPOJU (PhD) Department of Arts and Social Sciences Faculty of Education University of Lagos Nigeria Lagos, Nigeria March 24, 2005  © ARSRC 2005 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 2 2Introduction Ancient theories and ideologies about sexuality, circled around the power of dreams, the individual as a sexual being, the power of self cultivation and†¦show more content†¦The interrelationship of biological, psychological and socio-cultural dimensions determines the total personality of an individual. Ikpe (2004) postulated that â€Å"Sexuality defines the very essence of one’s humanity including one’s self–image, being male or female, physical looks and reproductive capacity; that is sexuality is a natural part of life. It is about the way we are made, how we feel about ourselves, what roles we play in the society and how we procreate†. Culture as a way of life determines, to a large extent, human behaviour. It is patterned, learned, shared and adaptive and is transmittable from one generation to the other (Basso, 1997). Culture has a way of influencing every thing we do. It can be perpetuated and has the potential to overpower i ntervention programmes and educational innovations. Religious and spiritual beliefs influence feelings about morality, sexual behaviour, pre-marital sexual behaviour, adultery, divorce, contraception, abortion and masturbation (Greenberg et al 2000). Sexuality education can be seen as yet another religion which is not necessarily different from what already obtains.What is Sexuality Education? Sexuality education has been givenShow MoreRelatedHiv And Its Effects On Nigeria, Lower Respiratory Infections, And Hiv ( Cdc )884 Words   |  4 PagesAs of 2013, the CDC listed that the top 3 causes of mortality in Nigeria are malaria, lower respiratory infections, and HIV (CDC, 2013). HIV is the third leading cause of deaths in Nigeria and account for 9% of all deaths (CDC, 2013). HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It can be contracted through the exchange of bodily fluids with another infected individual. In Nigeria, the spread of HIV occurs thro ugh high prostitution rates, unsafe sexual practices,Read MoreAids : Hiv And Aids1144 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/AIDS IN NIGERIA Introduction The first case of HIV was reported in 1981 and since then, it has spread rapidly turning into a pandemic (WHO 2014). 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